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Safety
The author reviewed all the aforementioned 103 CES studies for comments on side effects and safety. The most common area of complaint, reported in five studies, was transient blurring of vision lasting no more than one hour from the mechanical pressure caused by eye electrodes used in the 1960's and early 1970's. The incidence of this problem was seen equally in active CES groups and sham CES, indicating the problem was due to mechanical pressure over the orbits, and not electrically-induced. As stated previously, this problem does not apply to modern CES devices because none use eye electrodes. There was but seven reports of headaches (0.2%), and three cases of skin irritation or electrode burns at the electrode sites (0.09%), all of, which are rendered moot given the current state of electrodes. Table One lists all comments on side effects and safety in the English language literature on CES.
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